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<meta name="description" content="外科是研究外科疾病的发生，发展规律及其临床表现，诊断，预防和治疗的科学，是以手术切除、修补为主要治病手段的专业科室。随着显微外科技术的应用，外科得到了较大的发展。各医院外科的专科设置原则与内科类同，通常与内科相对应。外科疾病分为五大类：创伤，感染，肿瘤，畸形和功能障碍。...">
<title>外科（医学分类）_百度百科</title>
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<b>外科</b>是一个<a href="/item/%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%9A%E4%B9%89%E8%AF%8D" target="_blank">多义词</a>，请在下列<a href="/item/%E4%B9%89%E9%A1%B9" target="_blank">义项</a>上选择浏览（<a href="/item/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91?force=1" target="_blank">共3个义项</a>）</div>
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<li class="item">▪<span class="selected">医学分类</span></li>
<li class="item">▪<a title="巫文化的称呼（迷信的一种说法）" href='/item/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91/15286396#viewPageContent'>巫文化的称呼（迷信的一种说法）</a></li>
<li class="item">▪<a title="期刊" href='/item/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91/19868689#viewPageContent'>期刊</a></li>
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<h1 >外科</h1>
<h2>（医学分类）</h2>
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</div><div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary">
<div class="para" label-module="para">外科是研究外科疾病的发生，发展规律及其<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A/5507460" data-lemmaid="5507460">临床</a>表现，诊断，预防和治疗的科学，是以手术切除、修补为主要治病手段的专业科室。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">随着<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF">显微外科技术</a>的应用，外科得到了较大的发展。各医院外科的专科设置原则与内科类同，通常与内科相对应。外科疾病分为五大类：创伤，感染，肿瘤，畸形和功能障碍。</div>
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<dt class="basicInfo-item name">中文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
外科
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">外文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
surgery
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">拼&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;音</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
wàì kē
</dd>
</dl><dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-right">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">属&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;性</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
医学分科，与内科相对应
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">分&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;类</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%88%9B%E4%BC%A4">创伤</a>，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93">感染</a>，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4">肿瘤</a>，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%95%B8%E5%BD%A2">畸形</a>等
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">涉及学科</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
外科学、现代外科学
</dd>
</dl></div>
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<h2 class="block-title">目录</h2>
<div class="catalog-list column-4">
<ol>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">1</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1">发展过程</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">2</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2">中医外科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">3</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3">外科分类</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_1">普通外科</a></span>
</li>
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<span class="text"><a href="#3_2">泌尿外科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_3">心胸外科</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_4">神经外科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_5">整形外科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_6">显微外科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">4</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4">外科疾病</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_1">心胸外科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_2">脑外科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_3">肝胆外科</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_4">泌尿外科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_5">肛肠外科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_6">骨科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_7">外伤科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_8">烧伤科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_9">器官移植</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_10">乳腺外科</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_11">手外科</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">5</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5">外科治疗</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">6</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6">外科检查</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">7</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7">外科研究</a></span>
</li>
</ol>

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
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<a name="发展过程" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>发展过程</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="1" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">外科是现代医学的一个科目，主要研究如何利用<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91/7147896/0/263e802f293cfd781f3089d2?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="外科" style="width:220px;height:179px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=8af6a85ed21b0ef468e89f5cedc451a1/cefc1e178a82b90164a42343738da9773912efb1.jpg"  alt="外科" style="width:220px;height:179px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
外科
</span>
</div>外科手术方法去解除病人的病原，从而使病人得到治疗。外科和所有的临床医学一样，需要了解疾病的定义、病因、表现、诊断、分期、治疗、预后，而且外科更重视开刀的适应症、术前的评估与照顾、手术的技巧与方法、术后的照顾、手术的并发症与预后等与外科手术相关的问题。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">早在古埃及出土的木乃伊，就可以发现头颅的手术痕迹。��早在2000多年前的中国，也就已经从战争、生产和生活的实践中总结出一些外科的实践经验。现代外科学开创于19世纪末，起先经常由受过培训的理发师代理执行手术——即所谓的“医疗理发师”（barbersurgeon），因此在今天的许多英联邦国家外科医师被称呼为“先生”（Mister）而不是“医生”（Doctor）。在20世纪初，随着<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B6%88%E6%AF%92">消毒</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%BA%BB%E9%86%89">麻醉</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%AD%A2%E8%A1%80">止血</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%BE%93%E8%A1%80">输血</a>等技术的产生和进步，现代外科学得以逐渐深化及完善。现代外科奠基于是19世纪40年代，先后解决了手术疼痛、伤口感染和止血、输血等问题。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">手术疼痛曾是妨碍外科发展的重要因素之一。1846年美国Morton首先采用了乙醚作为全身麻醉剂，并协助Warren用乙醚麻醉施行了很多大手术。自此，乙醚麻醉就被普遍地应用于外科。1892年德国Schleich首先倡用可卡因作局部浸润麻醉，但由于其毒性高，不久即由普鲁卡因所代替，至今普鲁卡因仍为安全有效的局部麻醉药。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">伤口“化脓”是100余年前外科医生所面临的最大困难问题之���，其时，截肢后的死亡率竟高达40%～50%。1846年匈牙利Semmelweis首先提出在检查产妇前用漂白粉水将手洗净，遂使他所治疗的产妇死亡率自10%降至1%，这是抗菌技术的开端。1867年英国Lister采用石炭酸溶液冲洗手术器械，并用石炭酸溶液浸湿的纱布覆盖伤口，使他所施行的消毒止血截肢手术的死亡率自40%降至15%，从而奠定了抗菌术的基本原则。1877年德国Bergmann对15例膝关节穿透性损伤伤员，仅进行伤口周围的清洁和消毒后即加以包扎，有12例痊愈并保全了下肢，他认为，不能将所有的伤口都视为感染的，而不让伤口再被沾污更为重要。在这个基础上他采用了蒸气灭菌，并研究了布单、敷料、手术器械等的灭菌措施，在现代外科学中建立了无菌术。1889年德国Furbringer提出了手臂消毒法，1890年美国Halsted倡议戴橡皮手套，这样就使无菌术臻于完善。手术出血也曾是妨碍外科发展的另一重要因素。1872年英国Wells介绍<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%AD%A2%E8%A1%80%E9%92%B3">止血钳</a>，1873年德国Esmarch在截肢时倡用止血带，他们是解决手术出血的创始者。1901年美国Landsteiner发现血型，从此可用输血来补偿手术时的失血。初期采用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E8%BE%93%E8%A1%80%E6%B3%95">直接输血法</a>，但操作复杂，输血量不易控制;1915年德国Lewisohn提出了混加枸橼酸钠溶液，使血不凝固的间接输血法，以后又有血库的建立，才使输血简便易行。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1929年英国Fleming发现了青霉素，1935年德国Domagk倡用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%99%BE%E6%B5%AA%E5%A4%9A%E6%81%AF">百浪多息</a>（磺胺类药），此后各国研制出一系列抗菌药物，为外科学的发展开辟了一个新时代。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">外科手术用的止血钳的不断改进，输血和补液的日益受到重视，这样就进一步扩大了外科手术的范围，并增加了手术的的安全性。50年代初期，低温麻醉和体外循环的研究成功，为心脏直视手术开辟了发展道路。60年代开始，由于显微外科技术的进展，推动了创伤、整形和移植外科的前进。70年代以来，各种纤维光束内窥镜的出现，加之影像医学的迅速发展（从B型超声、CT、MRI、DSA到SPECT、PET）大大提高了外科疾病的诊治水平；特别是介入放射学的开展，应用显微导管进行超选择性血管插管，不但将诊断，同时也将治疗深入到病变的内部结构。此外，生物工程技术对医学正在起着更新的影响，而医学<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91/7147896/0/4d4970062ba3df3b020881dc?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="外科" style="width:220px;height:146px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=b7fdec9bb6fd5266a32b3b169b189799/3812b31bb051f819b02ee33adab44aed2e73e7b3.jpg"  alt="外科" style="width:220px;height:146px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
外科
</span>
</div>分子生物学的进展，特别对癌基因的研究，已深入到外科领域中。毫无疑问，外科学终将出现多方面的巨大变化。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">随着现代外科学在广度和深度方面的迅速发展，任何一个外科医生已不可能掌握外科学的全部知识和技能；为了继续提高水平，就必须有所分工。因此，外科要进一步分为若干专科；有的按���体的部位，如腹部外科、胸心外科；有的按人体的系统，如骨科、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91">泌尿外科</a>、脑神经外科、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91">血管外科</a>；有的是按病人年龄的特点，如小儿科、老年外科，有的是按手术的方式，如整复外科、显微外科、移植外科；还有的是按疾病的性质，如肿瘤外科、急症外科等。特别是由于手术范围的日益发展，对麻醉的要求不断提高，就需要有麻</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91/7147896/0/43e6c733c8d70403ad4b5fa7?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="相关书目" style="width:220px;height:156px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=560c4718d109b3deefbfe36afcbf6cd3/7c1ed21b0ef41bd5ad2c088451da81cb39db3d46.jpg"  alt="相关书目" style="width:220px;height:156px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
相关书目
</span>
</div>醉专业；建立监护病房，也是为了达到同一目的。临床外科学根据治疗目标的不同有着明确的分工，可分为普通外科（现专指各种腹腔、乳房、甲状腺及简单的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9A%AE%E8%82%A4%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91">皮肤外科</a>）、心脏外科、胸腔外科（两者可合称心胸外科）、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91">血管外科</a>、神经外科（有时简称脑外科）、头颈外科、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91">泌尿外科</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%95%B4%E5%BD%A2%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91">整形外科</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9F%AB%E5%BD%A2%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91">矫形外科</a>（即<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%AA%A8%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91">骨外科</a>）、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%8F%E5%84%BF%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91">小儿外科</a>、移植外科等。广义的外科学则尚可包含眼科、耳鼻喉科、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A6%87%E4%BA%A7%E7%A7%91">妇产科</a>、牙科（口腔面颌外科）等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">外科经常处理的问题包含了创伤、各种胸腹部急症、先天/后天性畸形、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%81%B6%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4">恶性肿瘤</a>、器官移植等，在临床应用上和麻醉学、特级护理学、病理学、放射学、肿瘤学等其它医学专科工作关系极其密切。随着药物、早期诊断技术与其他医疗科技（比如介入放射学）的发达，许多疾病的治疗都转变为非外科治疗为主，然而外科手术仍然是这些治疗无效或产生并发症不可或缺的后线支持，而外科微创手术（内窥镜手术）的领域也在蓬勃发展。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="中医外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>中医外科</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">中医外科，学科名。<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6">中医学</a>以外科命名本专科者始于宋。见宋代伍起予《外科新书》，为存目外科专书。宋代以前之外科多以<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%96%A1%E5%8C%BB">疡医</a>之类名之。是研究体表病证的病因、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%97%85%E7%90%86">病理</a>、证候、诊断、治法、医疗技术等之专门学科。包括有痈、疽、疮、疡、疥、癣、伤折等等疾病。宋以后此类疾病之专门著作多以外科名之。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="外科分类" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>外科分类</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="3" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">外科主要分科为：普通外科（简称普外）、心胸外科、肝胆外科、泌尿外科、矫形外科、神经外科、烧伤、整形科、显微外科等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_3_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="普通外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>普通外科</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">主要针对腹腔疾病，如<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%98%91%E5%B0%BE%E7%82%8E">阑尾炎</a>、淋巴炎、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B9%B3%E6%88%BF">乳房</a>肿物、脾外伤、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%A0%E5%A5%97%E5%8F%A0">肠套叠</a>、肾衰、胆囊炎、乳腺炎、脓胸、腹外疝、甲沟炎、胆囊结石、肝外伤、坏疽、血管瘤等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_3_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="泌尿外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>泌尿外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">主要治疗范围有：各种尿结石和复杂性肾结石；肾脏和膀胱肿瘤；前列腺增生和前列腺炎；睾丸附睾的炎症和肿瘤；睾丸<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B2%BE%E7%B4%A2%E9%9E%98%E8%86%9C%E7%A7%AF%E6%B6%B2">精索鞘膜积液</a>；各种泌尿系损伤；泌尿系先天性畸形如尿道下裂、隐睾、肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄所导致的肾积水等等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_3_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="心胸外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>心胸外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">主要治疗<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%83%B8%E8%85%94">胸腔</a>疾病，包含心脏、肺、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93">食道</a>、膈等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_3_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="神经外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>神经外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">主要治疗脑部、脊柱疾病。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_3_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="整形外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>整形外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">是外科学的一个分支，又称整复外科或成形外科，治疗范围主要是皮肤、肌肉及骨骼等创伤、疾病，先天性或后天性组织或器官的缺陷与畸形。治疗包括修复与再造两个内容。以手术方法进行自体的各种<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D">组织移植</a>为主要手段，也可采用<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BC%82%E4%BD%93">异体</a>、异种组织或组织代用品来修复各种原因所造成的组织缺损或畸形，以改善或恢复生理功能和外貌。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_3_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="显微外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>显微外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">是研究利用光学放大设备和显微外科器材，进行精细手术的学科。其中阳重要的条件是利用光学放大设备手术。从广义来说，显微外科不是某个专科所独有，而是手术学科各有专业都可采用的一门外科技术甚至可以从该专业分出专门的分支学科，如妇科显微镜外科、泌尿显微镜外科、神经显微镜外科等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="外科疾病" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>外科疾病</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="4" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">手术范围扩大到身体各个部位，并且向深，难发展，因此促使外科不得不进行更细的分工，在外科范围内除了普通外科（包括腹部外科）外，分别成立了颅脑，胸腔，心血管，泌尿，矫形，整形，创伤，烧伤，肿瘤，小儿外科，神经外科等，有的还建立显微外科器官移植等专科。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="心胸外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>心胸外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">Hughes-Stovin综合征　Kartagener综合征　Marie-Bamberger综合征　Nezelot综合征　Pancoast综合征　埃布斯坦综合征　艾滋病导致的肺结核　贲门癌　贲门失弛缓症　闭合性气胸　病毒性心肌炎　病态窦房结综合征　不动纤毛综合征　穿透性心脏外伤　创伤性膈疝　创伤性气管及主支气管损伤</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="脑外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>脑外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">鞍结节脑膜瘤　闭合性脑外伤　表皮囊肿　宾斯旺格病　搏动性眼球突出症　部分性发作　侧脑室肿瘤　痴呆　迟发性外伤性脑内血肿　出血性休克和脑病综合征　创伤性枢椎前滑脱　垂体瘤　垂体腺瘤　大脑大静脉瘤　大脑镰旁脑膜瘤　大脑凸面脑膜瘤</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="肝胆外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>肝胆外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">Alagille综合征　Mirizzi综合征　单纯性下肢静脉曲张　胆肠内引流术后内疝　胆道出血　胆道华支睾吸虫病　胆道蛔虫病　胆道蛔虫病与肝蛔虫病　胆管结石与胆管炎　胆管扩张症　胆管良性狭窄　胆结石　胆咳　胆囊癌　胆囊结石　胆囊类癌</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="泌尿外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>泌尿外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">膀胱癌　膀胱白斑病　膀胱不发育与发育不全　膀胱结核　膀胱结石　膀胱鳞状细胞癌　膀胱瘘　膀胱尿道异物　膀胱平滑肌瘤　膀胱平滑肌肉瘤　膀胱葡萄状肉瘤　膀胱憩室　膀胱上内疝　膀胱湿热　膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤　膀胱输尿管反流</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="肛肠外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>肛肠外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">白线疝　鞭虫病　藏毛性疾病　肠风　成人脐疝　耻骨直肠肌综合征　虫证　穿腹膜疝　大便失禁　大肠癌　大肠恶性淋巴瘤　大肠梗阻　大肠类癌　大肠息肉　儿童遗粪症　粪类圆线虫病</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="骨科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>骨科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">Chance骨折　CM1神经节苷脂贮积症　Friedreich共济失调症　Maffucci综合征　Morton跖头痛　Poncet综合征　阿洪病　癌肿性关节炎　巴顿骨折　半月板损伤　半椎体畸形　伴齿状突骨折的寰枢椎前脱位　鼻骨骨折　闭合性脊髓损伤　臂丛神经损伤　扁平足</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="外伤科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>外伤科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">败血症　爆震性耳聋　鼻窦气压性创伤　鼻疖　不动杆菌感染　尺神经损伤　创伤性鼻出血　创伤性鼻中隔穿孔　创伤性气胸　创伤性休克　创伤性窒息　创伤窒息综合征　第一掌骨基部骨折　电击伤　断指再植　多系统器官功能衰竭</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_8" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4_8" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="烧伤科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-8" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>烧伤科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">触电　电烧伤　电灼伤　冻僵　冻伤　非冻结性冷伤　高温引起的溶血性贫血　化学烧伤　浸渍足　钠过多　热烧伤　烧伤　烧伤感染　烧伤后急性肾功能衰竭　烧伤后心功能障碍　烧伤脓毒症</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_9" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4_9" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="器官移植" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-9" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>器官移植</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">Nezelot综合征　断肢再植　钠过多　造影剂肾病</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_10" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4_10" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="乳腺外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-10" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>乳腺外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">柏哲病　产褥感染　产褥期乳腺炎　多乳房　非哺乳期乳晕部瘘管　副乳乳腺癌　急性化脓性乳腺炎　绝经期乳腺癌　老年人乳腺癌　男性乳房肥大症　男性乳腺癌　乳房导管内乳头状瘤　乳房棘球蚴病　乳房结核　乳房缺少症　乳房神经纤维瘤</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_11" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_4_11" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="手外科" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-11" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>手外科</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">臂丛神经损伤　尺神经损伤　毒性结节性甲状腺肿　毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿　断指再植　多指畸形　急性化脓性腱鞘炎　甲沟炎和甲下脓肿　肩峰下滑囊炎　腱鞘囊肿　疖　开放性手外伤　柯莱斯骨折　毛发上皮瘤　拇指掌指关节尺侧侧副韧带损伤　脓肿</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="外科治疗" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>外科治疗</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">外科治疗是指对AD或其并发症的手术处理原则上所有A型（近端型）均要考虑手术B型（远端型）一般采用药物治疗有外科指证时则手术治疗。由于外科技术的发展，已经可以构建一个回肠贮藏腔或囊室，回肠肛管吻合术将会减少永久性回肠造瘘，每一位患者都应当考虑这种恢复性手术。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="外科检查" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>外科检查</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="6" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">淋巴结：各浅表<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%BB%93">淋巴结</a>有否异常增大等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">皮肤：观察颜色、弹性，有无出血、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%98%E7%96%B9">丘疹</a>、色斑、疤痕。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">四肢脊柱：外观有无畸形，功能有无障碍。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%B2%E7%8A%B6%E8%85%BA">甲状腺</a>：可及早发现囊肿，肿瘤等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">女性乳房：可及早发现<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%8F%E5%8F%B6%E5%A2%9E%E7%94%9F">小叶增生</a>，乳房癌等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肛门：可及早发现痔，肛瘘，肿瘤等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">外生殖器：发育是否正常。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub15203397_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="外科研究" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">外科</span>外科研究</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="7" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">《外科》是一本关注外科领域最新进展的国际中文期刊，由汉斯出版社发行。主要刊登国内外研究外科疾病的发生，发展规律及其临床表现，诊断，预防，治疗等领域的论文。本刊支持思想创新、学术创新，倡导科学，繁荣学术，集学术性、思想性为一体，旨在为了给世界范围内的科学家、学者、科研人员提供一个传播、分享和讨论外科领域内不同方向问题与发展的交流平台<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_15203397">&nbsp;</a>
。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">研究领域：<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:144px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91/7147896/0/3b87e950352ac65c0ca11785fbf2b21192138a9b?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="外科研究" style="width:144px;height:191px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=8d16e42a08fa513d55aa6bdc0d6c554c/3b87e950352ac65c0ca11785fbf2b21192138a9b.jpg"  alt="外科研究" style="width:144px;height:191px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
外科研究
</span>
</div></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">外科基础</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肾泌尿学</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">小儿外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">血管外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">整形外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">影像学</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">急诊外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">手术管理</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">重症监护</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肠道外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">腹部外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">肝胆胰外科手术</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">消化器外科学</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">内分泌外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">癌症治疗</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">头颈外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">胸外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">心脏外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">神经外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">显微外科</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">骨外科学</div>
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<dl class="lemma-reference collapse nslog-area log-set-param" data-nslog-type="2" log-set-param="ext_reference">
<dt class="reference-title">参考资料</dt>
<dd class="reference-list-wrap">
<ul class="reference-list">
<li class="reference-item reference-item--type1 " id="reference-[1]-15203397-wrap">
<span class="index">1.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_1_15203397" id="refIndex_1_15203397" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[1]_15203397">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<a rel="nofollow" href="/redirect/0e27veFRAM7W10m2MK7IusiJ8s0MbKlNgimaFL31Ei5LCXvrrgswj8j9apc96EX9G_UXmKZoqWZyebfuO6NYH7QO9Gw" target="_blank" class="text">外科研究<span class="linkout">&nbsp;</span></a>
<span class="site">．汉斯出版社</span><span>．2012-05-06</span><span>&#91;引用日期2012-10-30&#93;</span></li></ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<div id="open-tag">
<div class="open-tag-title">词条标签：</div>
<dd id="open-tag-item">
<span class="taglist">
疾病
</span>
，<span class="taglist">
医学术语
</span>
，<span class="taglist">
医学
</span>
</dd>
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</div>
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<div>外科图册</div>
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<dt class="title">词条统计</dt>
<dd class="description">
<ul>
<li>浏览次数：<span id="j-lemmaStatistics-pv"></span>次</li>
<li>编辑次数：51次<a href="/historylist/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91/7147896" class="nslog:1021" target="_blank">历史版本</a></li>
<li>最近更新：<span class="j-modified-time" style="display:none">2018-07-05</span></li>
<li>创建者：<a class="show-userCard" data-uid="1470728" title="查看此用户资料" target="_blank" href="http://www.baidu.com/p/aidesen" nslog-type="1022">aidesen</a></li>
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<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">发展过程</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">中医外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">外科分类</span>
</span>
</a>
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<a href="#3_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">普通外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">泌尿外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">心胸外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">神经外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">整形外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">显微外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">外科疾病</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">心胸外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">脑外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">肝胆外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">泌尿外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">肛肠外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">骨科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_7" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.7</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">外伤科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_8" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.8</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">烧伤科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_9" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.9</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">器官移植</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_10" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.10</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">乳腺外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_11" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.11</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">手外科</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">外科治疗</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">外科检查</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#7" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">外科研究</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<a class="arrow" href="javascript:void(0);"></a>
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        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                // 编辑和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            } else {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
                // 锁定和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                // 编辑和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            } else {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
                // 锁定和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){	require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/basicInfo/basicInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
    nslog(10002701);
    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog a').on('click', function () {
           nslog(10002702);
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策���
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('7147896', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/albumList/albumList","wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog"],function($,AlbumList,nslog){
		var list=new AlbumList({
			newLemmaId:"7147896",
			lemmaTitle:"外科",
			lemmaId:"393234",
			subLemmaId:"15203397",
			data:[{"coverpic":"3c6d55fbb2fb431644b04bd52aa4462308f7d3f5","width":600,"height":400,"desc":"\u8bcd\u6761\u56fe\u7247","total":6,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss1.bdstatic.com\/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=99c3fc868c18367aa98978de1b728b68\/3c6d55fbb2fb431644b04bd52aa4462308f7d3f5.jpg"}]
		});
		!!window.ScriptLazyLoad && window.ScriptLazyLoad.regist({
			dom:$('.album-list'),
			loadFunc:function(){
				list.load();
				nslog(1258);
			},
			distance:500
		});
	});
}();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/lemmaInsert'], function(init) {
            init({ // 关系化统计需求--传参  shangwenbin
                lemmaId: "393234",
                newLemmaId: "7147896",
                subLemmaId: "15203397",
                lemmaTitle: "外科"
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){		require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReference","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip"],function(Reference,ReferenceTip){
			new Reference({
				subLemmaId:"15203397"
			});
			new ReferenceTip({
				subLemmaId:"7147896",
				lemmaTitle:"外科",
				reference:[{"index":1,"type":"1","title":"\u5916\u79d1\u7814\u7a76","url":"\/redirect\/0e27veFRAM7W10m2MK7IusiJ8s0MbKlNgimaFL31Ei5LCXvrrgswj8j9apc96EX9G_UXmKZoqWZyebfuO6NYH7QO9Gw","site":"\u6c49\u65af\u51fa\u7248\u793e","publishDate":"2012-05-06","refDate":"2012-10-30"}]
			});
		});
	}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery"],function($){
            function openTagToggle(node) {
                if ($(node).hasClass("collapse")) {
                    $(node).removeClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", '22px');
                } else {
                    $(node).addClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", $("#open-tag-item").css("height"));
                }
            }
            if (parseInt($("#open-tag-item").css("height")) <= 30) {
                $('#open-tag-collapse').hide();
            }
            $("#open-tag-collapse").on("click", function () {
                openTagToggle($("#open-tag")[0]);
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin')(
            7147896,
            '外科'
        );
    }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaStatistics/lemmaStatistics"],function(init){
        init({
            newLemmaIdEnc:"a2db9e0a03bfc7f4eeb77737"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/sideCatalog/sideCatalog"],function(SideCatalog){
		new SideCatalog();
	});
}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/fengchao/fengchao","wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/unionAd/unionAd"], function (init, unionAd) {
            init({
                newLemmaId: "7147896",
                lemmaTitle: "外科",
                encodeLemmaTitle: "%CD%E2%BF%C6",
                adManager: null
            }, {
                errFn: unionAd,
                dom: $('#side_box_unionAd')
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/guessLike/guessLike'], function (app) {
            app.init({
                lemmaTitle: '外科',
                adManager: null
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){            require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/bottomAd/bottomAd'], function (init) {
                init({
                    sId: 'BOTTOM_PRO_AD',
                    adManager: null
                });
            });
        }();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
    var userLogin = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userLogin/userLogin');
    var unameFiller = require('wiki-common:widget/component/unameFiller/unameFiller');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

            var isEnterprise = false;
        var enterpriseOwnerUserId = 0;
    
    var userId = 0;
    var editUrl = '/edit/' + encodeURIComponent('外科') + '/' + '7147896';
    var pgcUrl = '/enterprise/editpgc?lemmaId=7147896';

    userLogin.regist({
        onLogin: function(user) {
            userId = user ? user.uid : 0;
        }
    });

    function gotoEdit(url, isMidNight) {
        if (isMidNight) {
            Dialog.alert({
                title: '编辑提示',
                subMsg: '晚23:00至次日8:00，因审核系统例行维护，您提交的版本可能需要较长时间才能通过，望您谅解。',
                onConfirm: function() {
                    window.location.href = url;
                }
            });
        } else {
            window.location.href = url;
        }    
    }

    function showChoseEditDialog(pgcCallback, ugcCallback) {
        new Dialog({
            title: '编辑提示',
            subMsg: '<p>您已开通企业百科服务，推荐您直接编辑“官方资料”，官方资料仅限企业百科绑定的百科账号修改，其他用户账号不可修改。</p><p>如果您想修改其他网友编辑的普通词条内容，请注意遵守百科百科编辑规则。<p>',
            btns: [{
            key: 'pgc',
            text: '编辑官方资料'
            }, {
            style: 'white',
            text: '修改普通词条',
            key: 'ugc'
            }],
            onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                if (btnKey === 'pgc') {
                    pgcCallback && pgcCallback();
                } else if (btnKey === 'ugc') {
                    ugcCallback && ugcCallback();
                }
            }
        }).show();
    }

    function checkUserLegal(res) {
        var legal = false;
        switch (res.errno) {
            case 100001:
                userLogin.showLoginPop();
                break;
            case 100006:
                unameFiller.show();
                break;
            default:
                legal = true;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function checkUgc(res, url) {
        if (res.errno) {
            switch (res.errno) {
                case 100005:
                    alert('对不起，您目前被封禁');
                    break;
                case 110001:
                    alert('对不起，该词条被锁定');
                    break;
                case 110007:
                    alert('对不起，消歧页无法编辑');
                    break;
                case 110005:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对不起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>四级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到以上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 110008:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对不起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>六级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到以上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 470001:
                    alert('系统错误，请刷新重试');
                    break;
                case 110003:
                    Dialog.alert({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                    });
                    break;
            }
        } else {
            if (!res.data.right.noAudit) {
                Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                });
                return;
            }
            gotoEdit(url, res.data.notice.isMidNight);
        }
    }

    $(document.body).on('click', '.j-edit-link', function() {
        var dl = $(this).attr('data-edit-dl');
        if (dl) {
            var url = editUrl + '?dl=' + dl;
        } else {
            var url = editUrl;
        }

        rightCheck.preeditCheck('7147896', '外科', '医学分类', '130058915', '', function(res) {
            if (!checkUserLegal(res)) {
                return;
            }
            if (isEnterprise && enterpriseOwnerUserId === userId) {
                showChoseEditDialog(function() {
                    location.href = pgcUrl;
                }, function() {
                    checkUgc(res, url);
                });
            } else {
                checkUgc(res, url);
            }
        });
    });
}();
!function(){  require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-common:widget/component/footer/footer_feedback"], function($, feedback){
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-main'});
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-query', config: {
        appid: 215645,
        productLine: 20184,
        needContactWay: false,
        issuePlaceholder: '亲爱的百度百科用户，请在此填写您的质疑内容及原因哦～'
      },
      proData: {
        "kw": $('#J-bk-feedback-query').data('lemma')
      }
    });
  });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar');  
    initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-simple'));
  }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons"],function(init){
        init({
            lemmaId:"393234",
            subLemmaId:"15203397",
            newLemmaId:"7147896"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      animation = require('wiki-common:widget/util/animation'),
      nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar/searchbar');

    var isFadeIn = false,
        isFadeOut = false;

    var fadeInAni, fadeOutAni;

    $(window).on('scroll', function(e) {
        var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop();

        if (scrollTop > 200 && !isFadeIn && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'none') {
            fadeOutAni && fadeOutAni.stop();
            fadeInAni = animation({
                duration: 200,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    isFadeIn = true;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'block');
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', progress)
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    nslog(10010007);
                }
            });
        } else if (scrollTop <= 200 && !isFadeOut && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'block') {
            fadeInAni && fadeInAni.stop();
            fadeOutAni = animation({
                duration: 300,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader #suggestion').hide();
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    isFadeOut = true;
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', 1 - progress);
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'none');
                }
            });
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/qzopensl');
    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/taskSideShare"],function(taskShare){
        taskShare.init({
            title: '外科',
            desc: "\u5916\u79d1\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5916\u79d1\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5f8b\u53ca\u5176\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u9884\u9632\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u624b\u672f\u5207\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u8865\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6cbb\u75c5\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u79d1\u5ba4\u3002\u968f\u7740\u663e\u5fae\u5916\u79d1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5916\u79d1\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5404\u533b\u9662\u5916\u79d1\u7684\u4e13\u79d1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u5185\u79d1\u7c7b\u540c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u5185\u79d1\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u5916\u79d1\u75be\u75c5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u521b\u4f24\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u80bf\u7624\uff0c\u7578\u5f62\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u3002",
            pic: 'https:\/\/gss1.bdstatic.com\/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/w%3D268\/sign=a246b7838d01a18bf0eb1549a62e0761\/3c6d55fbb2fb431644b04bd52aa4462308f7d3f5.jpg',
            url: '',
            qqPic: 'https:\/\/gss1.bdstatic.com\/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D400%2C400%2C50\/sign=287b3d9e2b3fb80e0c84329750ec1b1e\/3c6d55fbb2fb431644b04bd52aa4462308f7d3f5.jpg',
            newLemmaId: '7147896',
            lemmaTitle: '外科'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require("wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog");
    var testElem = require('wiki-common:widget/component/testElem/testElem');
    var cmsModuleLoader = require('wiki-common:widget/component/cmsModuleLoader/cmsModuleLoader');

    function requireAsync() {
        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement']);
    }

    cmsModuleLoader('/api/wikiui/getlemmaconfig', [{
        name: 'announcement',
        script: 'wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement.js'
    }]);

    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/lazyLoad/lazyLoad"], function(LazyLoad) {
        new LazyLoad();
    });

    require.async(['wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog','wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'], function(nslog, $) {
        nslog().setGlobal({
            lemmaId: "393234",
            newLemmaId: "7147896",
            subLemmaId: "15203397",
            lemmaTitle: "外科"
        });

        // 词条页 pv
        nslog(9322);

        // 新版头部pv（小流量）
        if ($('.pc-header-new').length > 0) {
            nslog(9069);
        }

        // 链接点击 pv
        var lemmaPageRegExp = new RegExp(/\/subview\/\d+|\/view\/\d+|\/item\//i);
        $('body').on('mousedown', 'a', function() {
            var href = $(this).attr('href');
            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0) {
                // 链接点击 pv
                nslog(10000001);
                if (lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                    // 词条页链接点击 pv
                    nslog(10000002, window.location.href, {
                        targetTitle: $(this).text()
                    });
                }
            }
        });

        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 start ******/
        (function () {
            // 各种统计配置
            var circulationLinkCfg = {
                innerLink: [ // 内链
                    '.para',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeMovie',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeStar',
                    '.basic-info .basicInfo-block',
                    '.lemma-summary',
                    '.lemmaWgt-lemmaSummary',
                    '.view-tip-panel',
                    '.horizontal-module',
                    '.lemmaWgt-roleIntroduction',
                    '.dramaSeries .dramaSerialList',
                    '.module-music',
                    '.table-view',
                    '[log-set-param="table_view"]',
                    '.list-module',
                    '.cell-module',
                    '.baseBox .dl-baseinfo', // 配置后台字段
                    '.pvBtn-box .leadPVBtnWrapper',
                    '.drama-actor',
                    '#staffList',
                    '.starMovieAndTvplay',
                    '.main_tab:not(.main_tab-defaultTab)' // 除去词条tab外的tab
                ],
                relationTable: '.rs-container-foot', // 关系表
                peopleRelation: '.star-info-block.relations, .lemmaWgt-focusAndRelation', // 人物关系（明星+普通）
                moduleActors: '.featureBaseInfo .actors, .lemmaWgt-majorActors', // 主要演员、嘉宾、主持人
                moduleWorks: '.featureBaseInfo .works, .large-feature .works', // 代表作品
                moduleQuarterly: '.featureBaseInfo .po_quarterly, .mian_quarterly', // 分季介绍
                rankStar: '.rank-list.stars-rank', // 明星榜
                rankDrama: '.drama-rank-list', // 电视剧榜
                specialTopic: '.special-topic', // 专题模块
                modDetailTable: '#modDetailTable', // 关系表出图
                chuizhitu: '.chuizhitu', // 垂直化模块
                polysemantList: '.polysemantList-wrapper' // 义项切换
            };
            /****** 连接统计 ******/
            function clickNslogFn() {
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k === 'innerLink') {
                        // 词条内链到词条页
                        var tempArr = circulationLinkCfg[k];
                        for (var i = 0, l = tempArr.length; i < l; i++) {
                            tempArr[i] += ' a';
                        }
                        var sSelector = tempArr.join(', ');

                        $('body').on('mousedown', sSelector, {key: k},function(e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            var tar = $(this).attr('target') || '';
                            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0
                            && tar === '_blank' && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页普通内链点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null ,{division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    } else {
                        // 模块到词条页链接
                        $(circulationLinkCfg[k]).on('mousedown', 'a', {key: k}, function (e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            if (href && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页配置模块链接点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null, {division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            // 发起统计请求
            clickNslogFn();

            /****** 各模块展现量pv ******/
            function checkModuleIsShow() {
                var result = [];
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k !== 'innerLink' && k !== 'relationTable') {
                        !!$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).html() && result.push(k);
                    }
                }
                if (result.length > 0) {
                    nslog(10000005, null, {showModules: result.join(',')});
                }
            }
            checkModuleIsShow();

        })();
        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 end ******/

    });

    // 广告接入 wikiad 统一加载
    // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求行为）
    nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
        api: 'lemma-ad',
        action: 'request'
    });
    var tags = [{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u75be\u75c5"},{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u533b\u5b66\u672f\u8bed"},{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u533b\u5b66"}];
    var tagsArray = [];
    for (var key in tags) {
        tagsArray.push(tags[key].tagName);
    }
    $.ajax({
        type: 'GET',
        url: '/api/wikiad/getsquirrels',
        data: {
            lemmaId: 7147896,
            tags: tagsArray.join()
        },
        cache: false,
        dataType: 'JSON',
        success: function (res) {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求成功）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'success'
            });

            if (!res.errno) {
                if (res.data[5]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightPreciseAd/rightPreciseAd'], function(rightPreciseAd) {
                        rightPreciseAd(res.data[5]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[5][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[5][0].name,
                            adPos: 5
                        });
                    });
                } else if (res.data[1]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/vbaike/vbaike'], function(vbaike) {
                        vbaike(res.data[1]);
                        for(var i in res.data[1]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[1][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[1][i].name,
                                adPos: 1
                            });
                        }
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[9]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightBigAd/rightBigAd'], function(rightBigAd) {
                        rightBigAd(res.data[9]);
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[9][0].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[9][0].name,
                                adPos: 9
                            });
                    });
                                    } else if(res.data[2]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/slide/slide'], function(slide) {
                        slide(res.data[2]);
                        for(var i in res.data[2]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[2][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[2][i].name,
                                adPos: 2
                            });
                        }
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[3]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/topAd/topAd'], function(topAd) {
                        topAd(res.data[3]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[3][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[3][0].name,
                            adPos: 3
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[4]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightAd/rightAd'], function(rightAd) {
                        rightAd(res.data[4]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[4][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[4][0].name,
                            adPos: 4
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[15]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/banner/banner'], function(banner) {
                        banner(res.data[15]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[15][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[15][0].name,
                            adPos: 15
                        });
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[16]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/declaration/declaration'], function(declaration) {
                        declaration(res.data[16]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[16][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[16][0].name,
                            adPos: 16
                        });
                    })
                }
            } else {
                return;
            }

            setTimeout(function () {
                var elemArr = {};
                res.data[1] && res.data[1].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-vbaike-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[2] && res.data[2].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-slide-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-slide .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[3] && res.data[3].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-navbar-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').css('background-image').indexOf(res.data[3][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[4] && res.data[4].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-side-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.right-ad img').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.right-ad img').attr('src').indexOf(res.data[4][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[15] && res.data[15].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-banner'] = $('.configModuleBanner').get(0));
                res.data[16] && res.data[16].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-declaration'] = $('.lemmaWgt-declaration').get(0));

                testElem.log(elemArr, 70000102);
            }, 1000);
        },
        error: function () {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求失败）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'error'
            });
        }
    });

    // 设置分享内容
    window.BKShare.setCommon({
        bdText: "\u3010\u5916\u79d1_\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u3011\u5916\u79d1\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5916\u79d1\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5f8b\u53ca\u5176\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u9884\u9632\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u624b\u672f\u5207\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u8865\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6cbb\u75c5\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u79d1\u5ba4\u3002\u968f\u7740\u663e\u5fae\u5916\u79d1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5916\u79d1\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5404\u533b\u9662\u5916\u79d1\u7684\u4e13\u79d1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u5185\u79d1\u7c7b\u540c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u5185\u79d1\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u5916\u79d1\u75be\u75c5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u521b\u4f24\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u80bf\u7624\uff0c\u7578\u5f62\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u3002.....\uff08\u5206\u4eab\u81ea@\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\uff09",
        bdDesc: '',
        bdUrl: 'http:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91\/7147896',
        bdPic: '',
        onBeforeClick: function (){
            $('.bdshare_dialog_box').hide();
        }
    });

    // 底部投诉带入当前页面 url
    var map = [1, 2, 6, 5];
    $('.wgt-footer-main .suggestion').find('a').each(function(i) {
        $(this).attr('href', 'http://help.baidu.com/newadd?word=%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91' + '&&submit_link=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) + '&prod_id=10&category=' + map[i]);
    });

    // 为超出预设内容的表格添加table-responsive控制
    $('.main-content').find('table').each(function(index) {
        var $that = $(this);
        if ($that.width() > 790) {
            $that.wrap('<div class="table-responsive"></div>');
        }
    });
}();
!function(){      require('wiki-common:widget/component/psLink/psLink');
    }();</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  var Hunter = window.Hunter || {};
  Hunter.userConfig = Hunter.userConfig || [];
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  // DOM Ready时，统计用户可操作时间。
  alog('speed.set', 'drt', +new Date);

  void function(a,b,c,d,e,f){function g(b){a.attachEvent?a.attachEvent("onload",b,!1):a.addEventListener&&a.addEventListener("load",b)}function h(a,c,d){d=d||15;var e=new Date;e.setTime((new Date).getTime()+1e3*d),b.cookie=a+"="+escape(c)+";path=/;expires="+e.toGMTString()}function i(a){var c=b.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )"+a+"=([^;]*)(;|$)"));return null!=c?unescape(c[2]):null}function j(){var a=i("PMS_JT");if(a){h("PMS_JT","",-1);try{a=a.match(/{["']s["']:(\d+),["']r["']:["']([\s\S]+)["']}/),a=a&&a[1]&&a[2]?{s:parseInt(a[1]),r:a[2]}:{}}catch(c){a={}}a.r&&b.referrer.replace(/#.*/,"")!=a.r||alog("speed.set","wt",a.s)}}if(a.alogObjectConfig){var k=a.alogObjectConfig.sample,l=a.alogObjectConfig.rand;d="https:"===a.location.protocol?"https://fex.bdstatic.com"+d:"http://fex.bdstatic.com"+d,k&&l&&l>k||(g(function(){alog("speed.set","lt",+new Date),e=b.createElement(c),e.async=!0,e.src=d+"?v="+~(new Date/864e5)+~(new Date/864e5),f=b.getElementsByTagName(c)[0],f.parentNode.insertBefore(e,f)}),j())}}(window,document,"script","/hunter/alog/dp.min.js");
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